Radio transmitter tuner



Feb.. 18, 1958 w. H. EPPERsoN RADIO TRANSMITTER TUNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 25, 1953 INVENTOR. WILLIAM H. E PPERSON 0 klo silllll4 IIII Y N l MNT M\ QN Q Mwwvlll Illsl I||| lllelllalllil..

NN Y @NNI Feb. 18, 1958 w. H. EPPERsoN- 2,824,220

`RAJDIO TRANSMITTER TUNER L Filed Nov. 25. 195s' 2 sheets-sheet 2 2 Search FREQUENCY f n mm- NEw FREQUENCY sELEcTIoN SELECTED COMPLETED I F-- Emm PRELIMINARI I TUNING (SEARCH FoR Tune g e F me v (DRIVEN BY ROTARY SOLENOID) Search Imf I me m Search mm me Tune o/f y I /'frap T .4 .7254, M306 F164 307 -Z- INVENTQK /30/ I WILLIAM I-LEPPERsoN FIGB /fa BY i j fr g/I'oewfys' ;the transmitter.

United States Patent RADIO TRANSMITTER `TUNER William H. Epperson, Coral Gables, Fla., assignor to Aeronautical Communications Equipment, Inc., Miami, Fla., a corporation of Florida Application November 25, 1953, Serial No. 394,331

9 Claims. (Cl. Z50-17) This invention relates to the tuning of radio transmitters and has particular reference to methods and apparatus for automatically tuning a radio transmitter to a selected carrier frequency.

A particularly diicult problem encountered in multichanneled radio transmitters is the adjustment of the tuned stages after the selection of a desired frequency. In the past, such tuning has been accomplished in various ways ranging from simple hand adjustment of the tuned circuits to involved circuits including a plurality of motors adjusting variable elements in the transmitters. However, all of these systems have suffered from defects such as an undesirable time interval necessary to tune a manually operable system and the inaccurate and unreliable operation afforded by some of the more involved tuning arrangements. p

In accord-ance with the present invention, the abovementioned defects of the prior transmitter tuners has been overcome and reliable, accurate tuning of a transmitter to a desired one of a plurality ,of channels may be simply accomplished. The operation of the tuner is automatically initiated upon the selection of a predetermined carrier frequency which places the appropriate crystal in` circuit with the transmitter oscillator. A definite sequence of events follows such selection, the first being a search for a band of frequencies within which the selected frequency lies.

Information gained from the current ow Y in one stage of the transmitter is employed to indicate the proper band and subsequently, a further search is initiated within the band for various values of such current ow in order to provide for exact tuning of the tuned stages in In the event the correct value of current is not found during either of the searchers, the tuner is automatically deenergized.

These and further advantages of the invention will be more readily understood when the following description is read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram partially in block form of a transmitter tuner in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a sequence diagram of the various operations performed by the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sequence drive and control circuits illustrated in Fig. l; and

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the band switch drive circuits shown in Fig. l.

Referring to the drawings in more detail with particular reference to Fig. 1, the crystal selection circuits 10 may comprise any conventional arrangement for inserting a desired one of a plurality of crystals in `a circuit determining the frequency of an oscillator 11. For example, a rotatable drum having crystals mounted thereon may be employed in cooperation with appropriate control circuits. During the interval the selected crystal is being inserted into the oscillator circuit 11, a conductor 12 leading to sequence drive and control circuits 1-3, 1de-` y r2,824,220 `Patented Feb.,18, 1958 scribed in detail hereinafter, is energized in order to initiate the action of the circuits 13.

Signals from the oscillator 11 are coupled through an R.F. amplifier 14 and an isolating buffer stage 15 to power amplifier grid tuning networks 16, such networks comprising any conventional L-C or R-C arrangements desirable for the frequencies employed. A conventional band switch 17 including a switch arm 17a is mechanically driven from band switch drive circuit 18 through a mechanical linkage 18a The arm 17a selectively joins the tuning networks 16 through the switch contacts l to 8, inclusive, and a conductor 19 to the grid circuits of a power amplifier 20.

Connected across the power amplifier grid tuning networks 16 is a variable inductance 21, preferably comprising a variometer. As is well known, variometers may be formed from two concentrically mounted coils and the linductance thereof varied by providing for relative move- :ment between such coils. The variable inductance 21 is Amechanically coupled by a conventional linkage 22a to a clutch brake 22 driven by a motor 23, selectively energized as will be explained below. The clutch brake 22 -is of a well known construction which, when energized, transmits rotary motion from the motor 23 to an element 'of the inductance 21 and which, when deenergized, acts Yas a brake to immediately stop such rotating elements.

'A Audio circuits 24 are coupled to the power amplifier 20 to provide the necessary modulation for the carrier signals therein.

A conductor 25 joins the plate circuit of the power ,amplifier Ztl to a switch arm 26a carried by a band switch Y26, the arm 26a being mechanically coupled by the linkiage 18a to the band switch drive circuits 18 for selec- `tively inserting one of a plurality of power amplifier plate tuning networks 27 in the plate circuit of the power amplifier 20. It will be noted that the band switch 26 also "carries contacts 1 to 8, inclusive, these contacts as well 'as those found on the switch 17 corresponding to eight jbands through which the transmitter may be tuned. It is apparent that any desired number ofbandls may be provided, the number shown being exemplary only.

A Also connected t0 the arm 26a is a variable inductance 28 joined at its other end to the plate tuning networks 27, and preferably comprising a variometer as described in connection with the variable inductance 21. The movl -able element of the inductance 28 is also mechanically joined to the clutch brake 22 by the linkage 22a.

The modulated carrier is coupled to an antenna 30 from the selected plate tuning network in the tuning networks 27 through an antenna tuner 29, designed to match the impedance of the antenna 30 to the output impedance of the power amplifier 20.

The above description has been of the transmitter l'circuits employed to generate and modulate a carrier of a desired frequency for radiation from an -antenna 30. The following description will concern itself with the auto- Vmatic control circuits employed to tune the grid and plate vcircuits of the power amplifier 20 to the exact carrier afforded the arm 31a, as well as the arms 32a and 33a,

these positions being Off, Setup, 1, 2, 3 and 4. In its Off position, the arm 31a rests on a blank contact while in 'the Setup position, the meaning of which Will be fully explained below, a source of potential 34 is connected :through conductors 35 and 36, the arm 31a and conductors :37"and l134 to twoarm'atures 38 and 39 of a conventional relay 40. The 'arm`31a, when engaging the` electrically interconnected contacts l, 2, 3 or 4 of the switch 31, energizes both. a conductor31b leading to the circuits l'and'a'relay'42'through a conductor 41; A conductor 43 is tied tothe conductor41landle`ads"to" an armature 44 of another relay 45:

Turning nextto the connections affordedv the switch` `by a'conductor 62,`while'the contacts 2, 3 and 4 are 'connected by re'sistors"'46, 47 `and 48, respectively, toa conductor 49`which -is tied to a conductor'50'joinedn'atone end to th`e"bias winding 51"'of'a differential relay 52.a A control winding 53'eand an' armature 54 swinging 'between contacts 55 and 56 Vcomplete the differential relay assembly.

At its'oth'er extremity, vthe conductor 50`leads` to a tap 57"on a resistor 58 joined to the juncture point of'tw'o resistors Y59 and 60. The other end of the resis`tor5"9"is tie'd`to the source 3'4l andthe resistor 60r is joined to the contact 55 and a conductor 61 leading to theV clutch brake 22. Thefront contact 56 of the relay v52is joined by-a`conductor-56a to an armature 97 of the relay 45.

The controlf winding 53 ofthe differential relay'A 52 has one terminal tiedto a conductor 20a leading tothe grid'circuits of Jthe power amplifier 20v through the conductor19." Also. joined to the conductor 20a is a resistor 63 coupledby a .conductor 64 to a negative bias `source`65' for the.grids,of the power amplifier, thepositive side ofthe source 65 being grounded. The other terminal ofthe winding 53 is joined through conductors 66 and 67 to a back contact of the relay 42. The conductor 66 also is .intercepted by a conductor 69 tied vto an armature y70 of the relay 45.

The .armature 54of;thefdiiferential relay 52V is joined bya conductor 71.to Aan .armature 72 of a` relay 73 land isV alsoconnected-by conductors 74 and 75 to a switch arm 76 having a `cam follower 76a affixed toone end thereof and resting on a cam 78-rotating as lindicated/.by the arrow thereon. The switch arm 76 is moved between contacts 79 and 80 upon-rotation of the cam 78such rotation being supplied-through the mechanical linkage 22a leadingto the clutch brake 22. The cam 78 has such a conliguration and is so orientedwith respect to the variable inductances 21.'andf28 by the linkage 22a that the arm 76 is disengaged from the contact 79 as the inductances 21 and 28 are passing through their maximum values andthe armf76-againengages the c0ntact'79fas y the clutch brake 22. Thevariable inductances 21' and 28 are` so oriented by thellinkage 22a withrespectfto the cam 84`th'at thevarm83 engages thecontact85when the inductances 21 and 28 are passing-throughf their maximum and Iminimum values:

Completing the ldescripti'oneof theswitches.' associated with the cam 78, -the-*contactf79 fis:joined by, a conductor l91'to a' front'contactof the relay. 42-whilethefcontact 80 leads to 'a blank/terminal..

A second switch arm- 87 having a cam follower 87a aixed thereto, is joined by 4a conductor 98 to'v a" front contact of the -relay 42 and is actuated by the cam 78' between switch contacts 89 and 90 joined, respectively, by a conductor 94 to an armature of the relay 45, and by a conductor 96 to one terminal of the relay 45 and to a front contact thereof.

Armatures 44, 70, 97"`and.9'5f'are simultaneously actuated by the relay 45 between a like number of pairs of contacts. A condnctor"103"lads`fronr 'a' front contact of the relay 451to a'front .contacbof ther relay 42while conductors 1li-tand. 1(l5.-lead from. relatedfront and back contacts of the relayf'45cto thelsequencebdriverand control circuits 13. Still another-frontcontact is joined to the circuits 13""th`roughconductors y106 "and "130."

Turning next toa baud. switcha109; aesource of potential is joined to a switch arm 109a driven by the mechanical linkage 18a to contacts 0, l to 8, inclusive, and X. The contacts 0 and X are joined by conductors 13.1,.and 136' to two font "contacts of the relay 40",` While theinterconnected'contacts l" toV 8 are j `Jin`ed"bya 'conductor 108 'to one terminl of a relayA 107" actuating anarmature 111.

j Examining the circuit Nconnection's afforded 'the vrelays 107 and-73',x acondctor'1l13"joinsithe armature 1`11'to the source 65' while a from "contaevofhe YrelayY 107is rtiedusy 'a conductor 114"r0l a' back' "contacter the Vrelay 73; One terminal ofthe r'ely.73"is joiredtoa'narmature 122'ofthe`relay' 42`by a conductor 73d, armatures 7 2l and '116 being, a'cti'iatedl thereby and 4"respectively connected b'y a conductor T261 to th'e Aarmature 12'3""and by Va conductor 117""to' an armature 118'. Aifrontcontact Vinterconnectedto indicatesuch simultaneous movement.

Completing the ydescription of 'the relay 42, a front contact is joined by. a conductor 125and the conductor 41 to the contacts 1,2,v 3 and4 of the selector switch `31 while the related Jback contact is jined`b`y a conductor 1 26'to afront contact of-the i'elay 402 A' back contact of the relay 42"*isv joined by aconductor 12'4 to an armature 128 nof'a relay,` 129.

Examinng ftherelay 129,' ,oneterminal `thereof isjoined to the sequencedr'ive and controlcircuits `13"through' a conductor 130;. AA secondY armature`p132 is tied b`y ay conductor 9'2 toa source of potentil 99whiclzimay be applie'cllthroughr a ,front contactof i'therelay 129" through a conductory 1301toV the cicuitsv132 Aback contact of the relay`12'9 is joinedby a conductor141 to a front `contact of the relay;40.

Cmpletingfthe description of'the rely Y40, ya back contact thereof is joined by a conductor'135to' the band switch drive'cir'cuts`18whil`e an armature 137 is` connected through conductors 138 and-104 to the sequence drive and vcontrol'c'iicu'i'tsi 13. Sfillanther. armature 139 is joned'by a coriducto'r142"toV thecircuit's'lS';

Examining the sequence drive and control'circuits 13 in detail with. particular reference to Fig. 3, a sequence switch condctvewafer`300, formed with' a notch 300'@ therein, selectively "engages contacts "301, `302 "and 303 joined to the conductors 304," 305and'`therconductor 105, respectively. `Anothercontact 306, con-tinuouslysengaging the Wafer 300, is joined-byl aconductorv307`tothe conductorv -130a leading 'to one-`v terminal l of-a i stepping solenoid Y30`8thfrtnighl at contact V'310, an' armature'. 309 aindthe 'condii'ctonl 130. Y The solenoid'i308fmayftake1the form of alrotarysol'enoidrfandrotatesthe'wafer 300` in steps minf response .torenergizationzthereoh Fon simplicity, suchstepping isf-represented on :these drawings by; the connectiony of f thel mechanical linkageY Y 13a to athe f sole- Also provided itz-.the circuits -13 is arelay 311. having il one terminal energized by the conductor 104, this conductor also being joined to a front contact of the relay 311. Armatures 313 and 314 of the relay 311 are electrically interconnected and joined to the conductor 31b while another front contact of the relay 311 is tied to the contact 301 through the conductor 304.

The conductor 12 leads to one terminal of another relay 316 in the circuits 13, the other terminal being joined to a conductor 327. An armature 317 of the relay 316 is energized through a conductor 318 by a source of potential 321 While a front Contact thereof is connected to the conductor 305.

A sequence switch 325, carrying a rotating arm 325e tied to the conductor 327 and actuated by the mechanical linkage 13a from the solenoid 308, includes grounded contacts 1 to 4 and Oil, and a blank Setup contact.

In the band switch drive circuits 18 shown in detail in Fig. 4, a band solenoid 400, which may be a rotary solenoid, is provided with a mechanical connection 18a extending therefrom to step the band switch arms 17a, 26a and 109e. One terminal of the relay 400 is grounded while the other terminal is connected to the conductor 142 and to the armature 401, which engages a contact 402 when the solenoid is deenergized, the conductor 135 25 Frequency selection In any conventional manner, a desired crystal in the crystal selection circuits is inserted in the oscillator 11 and during such insertion, the conductor 12 is energized which results in the energization of the relay 316 (Fig. 3), through the conductor 327, and the switch arm 32511 which is grounded at its Oli position. As a result, the potential of the source 321 is applied through the con- .ductor 318, the armature 317, the conductor 305 to the contact 302 and the conductive Wafer 300 resulting in the `energization of the solenoid 308 through the contact 306, uthe conductors 307 and 130e, the contact 310, the armature 309 and the conductor 130. Accordingly, the con- .ductive wafer 380, as well as the sequence switch arms `325a, 31a, 32a and 33a, are stepped by the linkage 13a until the notch 380:1 disengages the contact 302 from the wafer 300 and at this point, the sequence switch arms iwill be positioned on their Setup contacts. Accordingly, the relay 316 will be deenergized and the transmitter tuner will be in condition to commence preliminary tuning as soon as the insertion of a crystal in the circuits of oscillator 11 is completed. This is indicated in Fig. 2 by the arrows leading from the New Frequency Selected box through the Oft" and Setup positions of the Sequence `Switch, and the Frequency Selection Completed box to Preliminary Tuning.

Preliminary tuning Upon the rotation of the arms 31a, 32a and 33a to the Setup position, the motor 23 is energized from the source 34 through the conductor 35, the arm 32a and the conductor 23a. At the same time, the solenoid 400 in the lband switch circuits 18 (Fig. 4) is energized from the source 34 through the conductors 35 and 36, the switch arm 31a, the conductor 37, the armature 38, the con- `ductor 135 and the armature 401 causing the arrn 189e of the switch 189 to step to the 0 position. This action results in the energization of the relay 40 from the source 110 throughthe arm 109e and the conductor 131, and `the actuation of the armature 38 interrupts the circuit to the solenoid 408 so that rotation of the switch arm 109e is halted. A holding circuit is provided for the relay 4G from the source 34 through the-conductors 35 and 36, the switch arm 31a, the conductor 37 and the armature 38.

With the switch arm 109e on the contact 0 and the relay 40 energized, the source 110 energizes the armature 54 of the diiferential relay 52 through the arm 109e, the contact 0, the conductor 131, the armature 38, the conductor 134, the armature 39, the conductor 126, a back contact of the relay 42, the armature 123, the conductor 72a, and the conductor 71. Since the armature 54 normally engages the contact 55, the clutch brake 22 is energized through the conductor 61 and couples the rotation of the motor 23 through the linkage 22a to the tuning elements in the variable inductances 21 and 28.

The control winding 53 is energized in response to voltage generated across the resistor 63 by the power amplier grid current owing in circuit with the bias source 65, such voltage being directly applied across the control winding 53 by the energization of the necessary relays. Thus, when a predetermined value of grid current ows, the control Winding 53 will actuate the armature 54, as will be more fully detailed hereinafter.

It should be noted that the energizing circuit for the controlwinding 53 of the dillerential relay 52 is completed through the contacts of the relay 45, the relay 42, the relay 73 and the relay 107, preventing actuation of the armature 54 except during the proper times in the tuning sequence. It is evident that at this point in the sequence, the relay 107 is deenergized and the circuit to the controlwinding `53 of the diilerential relay is open.

Continuing with the preliminary tuning, the rotation of the movable elements in the inductances 21 and 28 causes the cams 78 and 84 to rotate and in the event a variometer is used for the elements 21 and 28, the cams are connected thereto with a l to 1 rotation ratio. The first time following the energization of the clutch brake 22 that the cam follower 83a drops into a slot on the cam 84, the positive potential which has previously energized the armature 54 will be further applied through the conductors 74 and 81, the arm 83, the contact 85, the conductor 93, the armature 122 and the conductor 73a to energize the relay 73. In response to the energization of the relay 73, the stepping solenoid 400 in the band switch drive circuits 18 is energized from the positive potential .applied to the armature 54 through the con ductor 71, the armature 72 of the relay 73, the conductor 120, the arma-ture 121, the conductor 124, the armature 128, the conductor 141, the armature 139 and the conductor 142. Accordingly, the solenoid 400 rotates the switch arms 17a, 26a and 109e to contact No. l, placing the band 1 networks in the grid and plate circuits of the power amplifier 20.

Now that the tuning system has placed the transmitter on band l, a determination must be made as to whether the crystal frequency selected by the circuits 10 `lies Within this band, a tuning which might be referred to not only as a preliminary tuning but as a broad tuning for a predetermined amount of power amplier grid current.

With the arm 109e at the No. 1 contact,the relay 137 is energized from the source 110 throughrthe arm 169:1 and the conductor 108 placing the differential relay 52 in condition to respond to a predetermined value of power amplifier grid current N as shown in Fig. 2.

The grid current necessary to operate the differential relay 52 is determined by the amount of bias current fed through the bias winding 51, and this in turn is determined by the resistors 46, 47 and 48 and the position of the slider 57 on the resistor 58. In the Setup position, current ow to the winding 51 is determined by the resistor 58 and the resistor 47, it being obvious that inclusion of the resistor 47 in the circuit presents a parallel path to ground thus lowering the voltage across the relay winding 51 and causing a smaller current to ow therethrough.

The slider 57 may be considered a master control which when set at a predetermined position determines the amount of bias current for each of the sequence positions,

As thefswitch arm 33a continues around to contacts 1, 2, 3 and 4, it is evident that in the No. 1 position, vthe greatest amount ot'zbiascurrent-willflow` throught the relaywindingSl `while'the insertion of the-resistor-s46, 47 and 48, each havingfasmaller value of resistance, will cause the-bias current to sequentiallydecrease in predetermined steps.

In the :Setup position,= the preliminary searchris ,for the grid current N as indicated.in..Fig.. 2 and is first made in band l. Since the. relay 52 is inA anoperativecondition as set forth -above,.there.areA three possibilities presented. First,: power. amplifier gridcurrent may not occurat allif Rf-F. `energyis not-.beingireceived .by the powerampliier 20.due to, for example, the lack.. of a crystal in the voscillatorfll. In this event, the vband switch drive circuits. 18 will rotate the; arms 17a, .26a and 109a to the next positioneach` timesthe .cam .follower 83a drops into one of the slots onl the cam 84, `until all of the 8 bands have been searchedfor Vexcitation.information and if none is found, the arm 10921 will rotate to the contact X Vand shut off lthe systernas lshown in Fig. 2, and which will be more fully lexplained hereinafter.

The-secondpossibility, is that grid `current will occur, near the end of the band, `that'isnot equal to or greater than N. In thisinstance,'when thefollower 83a falls into the next sloton the cam 84, the solenoid 400 will drive each of the switch arms 17a, 26a and 109a to position 2, `the position shown on the drawing, and a search for the required value of grid current in this band will be initiated 'by the rotation of the. movable elements in the variable indctances 21'andi`28".frommaximum.to minimum or `from"m'inimum tomaximum values,V depending uponthe positionof the inducta'nce elements when the arm 83 engaged'the contact 85. Assumingthat a value of grid current N occurs 'during the preliminary search through the band 2, the third 'of :the aforementioned possibilities, the armaturef54 will swing to the contact S6 anda new' series of eventswill occur.

` Before" discussing 'thesesubsequent events, it might be wellto explain the .operation of' a' unique circuit for. providing'positivey operationl of theA ditferentialirelaySZ. It will be understood` that with a conventional differential relay, it wouldbepossible for the armature'54 to start towards the contactf'6 vandhesitate dueto a sudden drop in the 'grid current. However, assoonas the armature 54 leaves the contact 55 with the circuit arrangement shown, the current fl'owfrom' the' armaturev 5'4 through the resistors y60'and58, the Ytapv 57 and the bias winding 51, is interrupted which reduces the bias current and results in` positive operationV ofthe armature 54.

Uponl the armature 54 being disengaged'from' the` contact 55, the clutch brake is deenergized'and themovable elements in the-variable inductances 21 andZS'are almost instantaneously'stopped. The potential vfrom the armature 54 is subsequently applied'toy the oontact'56resulting in theenergization of the 'steppin'g"solenoid"308 (Fig. 3)` through the conductor 56a, the armature'97, the conductor 105, the' contact 303, the wafer 300, the contact 306, theconductors'307` and 13051, the-armature 309 and the-conductor 130, causing the arms-325z1, 31a, 32a and 33a to rotate to the No. lcontact of the finaltuneposition which encompasses the sequence switch contacts 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The relay 129is energized simultaneously'with the solenoid 308 resulting'in' the actuation ofthe' armature 128i Thus, the circuittothe band'switch drive' circuits 18 is 'interrupted' to preventstepping ofthe'band switches during .actuation of the sequence drive andcontrol'circuits 13. Further, the source 99 is applied )to the solenoid 308 through the c0nduct'or92, the yarmature 132, the con` `ductor 130a, the armature 309 and the conductor 130 to aid in the operation of these.y circuits.

Referringto the sequencediagram showninFig. 2, it can beseen the sequence of Aoperations hasfnow progressed from'. the. preliminaryv tuning, which is a search for a 8 value of grid current .N,.to the '.No. 1 position-ofthe sequence switchthrough athe .Tunearrow'. VAs indicated above,.if the requiredvalue of grid current was not found `in :anyof thebandsl '.tov .8, the systemwould .be turned off fas. indicated by. fthe= .arrows leading .from .the No` Excitation Information box.to..the-Oi .positionon the sequence switch.

F ual timing Asthe.. stepping solenoid300-rotates :the varms 31a, 32a and 33a to .position ylfor linal tuning, severaly new conditions are setup in the'transmitter'tuner. The relay 40 is deenergized as the relay 42 is yenergized fromlthe source134zthrough ,the.conductors35` and36, the arm 31.- andthez'conductor 41l and'at thev same time,.the shunt resistor-471B removed; from` the-bias=controlcir cuits of the'relaywinding f51fwhen the-arm 33a is moved to the. blank. contact. `1.y Furthermore, upon theY actuation of the-armatureswof ,therelay 42, a; positivepotential is applied from thesource34 to-fthe armature 54-through the conductors 35V and 36, the switch arm 31a, vthe conductors41l and 125, .the 'armature-123, the conductor 72a and-the conductor` 71. Dueto'the'application ofthis voltage to the contact 55, the clutch *brake .22 will again be energized lthrough' the conductor 61, and-the movable elements in the inductances 21 and28, as-well as the cams'78f and .184, will `be' rotated by the motor 23 through the linkage. 22a.

During therznal tuning, the variable inductances 21 and'28 will tune from'maximumtowards minimum inductance. Thus, the irsttime that the,switch arm 76 engages the contact 79, the relay 73 is energized from the armature 54 through theconductors 74 and 75, the arm 76, the conductor l91, the armature 122, and the conductor 73a. Furthermore, upon the energization of the: relay '73 and the further rotation of. the cam 78to cause the arm' 87to engage the contact 90, the relay 45 will`also be energized fronrthe voltageatthe armature 54through the conductor 71', the armature 72, the conductorv 120," th'e armature 121; the conductor4 98, thearm 87 and the conductor 96.' It'should be notedthat the relay 45 holds itselfv closed throughits'own contacts by voltage from the source 34through the conductors-35 and 36, the arm' 31a, the conductors 41 and 43 andthe armature 44 leading to the'conductor 96.

It is'fapparentthat during the aforementioned operations of the final tuning sequence, at least'one of the relay actuatedcircuitslthrough which the control Wind'- ing 53 of the relay'52 is energizedV has beenopen to prevent-'prematureoperation of thearmature' 54. At this stage-in the final tuning, the relay 73 is energized and interrupts `the currentopath forithe control winding 53. However, as `soon astheswitch arm 76 is disengaged from the contact'79'- by the'cam 80', which willy occur at the maximum inductanceof the tuning'elements 21 and 28, the relay 73vwill be deenergized, the'winding 53 will be energized in accordance with thegridcurrent and ify it exceeds al value N -i-X, als-indicated in Fig. 2, the Iarma.'- ture 54 will be actuated.

Assuming that this 4search for the value of grid current N-i-X is not successful, the switch arm 76 falls at the minimum inductance of the ,tuning elements 21 and-28 and engages vthe contact .7 9. causing the .relay 73 .to `be energized,.as explained heretofore. This results in theeneb gizationaof the stepping relay `308.from the potential at the armature54rthronghthe conductor 71, thearmature 72, the conductor. 1:20, the armature 121, the conductor 98, the switch arm-8;7, the contact 89, the conductor, the armature 95, andthe'conductors 106 and 130, actuating the arms 31a, 32a, 33a and 325a to theNo. 2 position in the final tuning sequence.

With the switcfharrns 31a, 32a and 33a,on contacts-2 of their respective. switches, anew condition. is set up. The current throughL the bias rwinding 51 isreduceda predeterminedamount by the-insertionof the resistor 46 in circuittherewith so that afsearch/ is` made, from the z ingegaan maximum to the minimum inductance of the elements 21 and 28 as above indicated, for a value of grid current N+Y slightly smaller than the value N +X searched for in the first final tuning position. Final tuning in the No. 2 position will be initiated in the same manner as in the above-described final tuning for the No. 1 position of the sequence switch.

Assuming that grid current equal to or greater than N-i-Y is found in the No. 2 final tuning position, the varmature 54 will swing to the contact 56 thereby deenergizing the clutch brake 22 which immediately halts the movable `elements in the variable inductances 21 and 28. Such braking is so quickly accomplished that the tuning elements rotate only an exceedingly small distance past the point at which the maximum grid current was found and to 'all Aintents and purposes are stopped at such point.

As soon as the armature 54 engages the contact 56, the relay 311 (Fig. 3) is energized through the conductor 56a, the armature 97 and the conductor 104 resulting in the actuation of the armature 314 which establishes a holding circuit for the relay 311 as long as the conductor 31b is energized from the switch arm 31a. Further, the armature 313 applies the same voltage to the stepping solenoid 308 through the conductor 304, the contact 301, the wafer 300, the contact 306, the conductor 307, the conductor 130:1, the armature 309 and the conductor 130, causing the sequence switch arms 31a, 32a, 33a and 32511 to be stepped to their Ofi positions. Consequently, the conductor 31h and the motor 23 are deenergized and the tuning is completed.

As is evident from the sequence diagram of Fig. 2, there are four final tuning positions and if the value of grid current N |Y was not found in the No. 2 position as described herein, a Search would be made in the No. 3 position for a lower value of grid current by again reducing the bias current in the winding 51. If the requisite grid current is still not discovered, a still lower value of grid current N-Z, lower than the preliminary search current, is searched for. if such a value of grid current is not discovered, the tuner is stepped to its OE position.

Although methods and apparatus for tuning a power amplifier of a radio transmitter have been described, the invention is not limited to power amplifiers but may be employed in one or more other tuned stages in a transmitter. It is also obvious that if desirable, the plate current of a tuned stage could be employed instead of the grid current to indicate proper tuning thereof.

From the above description, it is evident that an automatic tuning system for a multi-channel transmitter has `been provided that combines the advantages of rapid tuning with extremely accurate tuning due to the employment of both a preliminary tuning for a band of frequencies and a final tuning within the discovered band to complete the tuning to a high degree of accuracy. It will, of course, be understood that the above-described embodiment of the invention is illustrative only and modifications thereof will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, a greater or lesser number of bands can be utilized as well as a greater or lesser number of final tune positions. Furthermore, capacitive instead of inductive tuning elements may be employed. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific apparatus disclosed herein 'but is to be defined by the appended claims.

Iclaim:

l. Apparatus for tuning the power amplifier of a radio transmitter to a selected carrier frequency comprising a plurality of first networks adapted to broadly tune the grid circuit of said amplifier, a plurality of second networks adapted to broadly tune the plate circuit of said amplifier, a first tuning element coupled to the grid circuit of said amplifier, a second tuning element coupled to the plate circuit of said amplifier, first means including said first and second tuning elements responslve j io to grid current flowing in said amplifier for inserting one of said first networks inthe grid circuit of said 4amplifier and one of said second networks in the plate circuit of said amplifier, and second means responsive to grid current iiowing in said amplifier to adjust said first and second elements for further tuning said amplifier to the selected `carrier frequency.

`2. Apparatus as` defined in claim 1 wherein said tuning elements are adjusted from a `maximum to a minimum value in further tuning said amplifier.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said tuning elements consist of variometers.

4. Apparatus `for Atuning the power amplifier of a 'multi-channel radiotransmitter to a predetermined chan nel comprising a plurality of first networks adapted to broadly tune the grid circuit of the power amplifier when inserted therein, a first tuning element in the grid circuit of said amplifier, a plurality of second networks adapted to broadly tune the plate circuit of said amplifier when inserted therein, a second tuning element in the plate circuit of said amplifier, first means including said first and second tuning elements responsive to a first predetermined value of grid current for inserting one of said first networks in the grid circuit of said amplifier and one of said second networks in the plate circuit of said amplifier for broadly tuning said amplifier to said predetermined channel, second means responsive to a plurality of sequentially decreasing values of grid current to adjust said first and second tuning elements for further tuning said amplifier to said predetermined channel, and means responsive to shifting of said transmitter from one channel to said predetermined channel for placing said first and second means in operative condition.

5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said tuning elements consist of variometers, said variometers being adjusted from a maximum to a minimum value when further tuning said amplifier.

6. In apparatus for tuning at least one stage of a radio transmitter to a selected carrier frequency, a differentialrelay including ya control winding, a bias Winding and an armature, means for energizing said. bias winding with a first value of current during broad tuning of said stage to said selected frequency, means for energizing said bias Winding with a plurality of sequentially decreasing values of current during further tuning of said stage to said selected frequency, means for selectively energizing said control winding during said broad and further tuning with a value of current dependent upon the magnitude of current flowing in said stage, said armature adapted to be actuated by said control winding during said broad tuning in response to a predetermined value of current flowing in said stage for terminating said broad tuning, said armature adapted to be actuated by said control winding during said further tuning in response to sequentially decreasing values of current flowing in said stage for terminating said further tuning.

7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 wherein means are provided for reducing said bias current upon an initial actuation of said armature by said control winding.

8. Apparatus for tuning a power amplifier of a multlchannel radio transmitter to a selected channel comprising a plurality of first and second networks adapted to broadly tune the grid and plate circuits, respectlvely, of the power amplifier when inserted therein, first and second tuning elements in the grid and plate circuits, respectively, of said amplifier for assisting in the broad and further tuning of said amplifier, a differential relay 1ncluding a control winding, a bias winding and an armature, means for initiating broad tuning of said amplifier in response to the selection of said channel, means for energizing said bias winding with a first value of current during said broad tuning, means for selectively energiz ing said control winding with a value of current dependasoman ,entnppn the magnitude-enorm ,current insaid. ampliff during said .broad tunng Said.. anmaturondantodlo, be actuated. by,.,saidcontro1.winding inresponse toa predotermined `value of saidrngrid Current. fo:4 tetmnating Said broad tuning,` .means-,responsive totenminationiof said broad tuning-for initiating,furthentuningofsaidamplier, means for energizing said bias windingjwith sequentially deereasingvalues ofcurrent duringsaidiunheg, tuning, means for seleotiyely. onorgizingaid.oontltolwndng with a value of rclnrront `dependent upon thomagnitudo. of 10 grid eurrent,in.said amplifier during said further tuning, said armature adapted tobeactuatedby said'control windinggin response to v.one of ap11.nality` ofwvalues of Vsaid vggiol; current corresponding to said, sequentially, docreasing'k values o fcu1'r ent.-A in .said biaswinding Lfor ter 15 minat-ingjthe tuning ,of said amplifier.- 

